Once, sewage flowed everywhere; now, waste is turned into treasure.
Release time:
2018-05-29 15:59
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The 240 tons of manure produced daily by a pig herd of 20,000 pigs—after being processed in a special two-tiered pigsty—has its solid fraction transformed into highly valuable organic fertilizer, while the liquid fraction, once allowed to settle, is directly used for irrigating a ten-thousand-mu orchard base. “Manure is nothing more than a resource that’s been misplaced! Our pig manure is actually quite ‘fragrant’!” Recently, during an interview in Shuanghe Subdistrict, Rongchang District, Yin Ping'an, General Manager of Chongqing Riquan Agricultural and Pastoral Co., Ltd., proudly shared with a reporter from Chongqing Daily, “Our company adopts a circular, eco-friendly farming model that turns what was once stinking, foul-smelling manure into a valuable asset. Every year, we can ‘strike gold’ from manure, earning over 10 million yuan.”
The 240 tons of manure produced daily by a pig herd of 20,000 pigs, after being processed in a special two-tiered pig house, has its solid fraction transformed into valuable organic fertilizer, while the liquid fraction, after settling, is directly used to irrigate a ten-thousand-mu orchard base.
“Manure is nothing more than a resource that’s simply been misplaced! The pig manure here is actually quite ‘fragrant’!” Recently, when reporters from Chongqing Daily visited Shuanghe Subdistrict in Rongchang District for an interview, Yin Ping’an, General Manager of Chongqing Riquan Agricultural and Pastoral Co., Ltd., proudly introduced: “Our company adopts a circular ecological farming model that transforms what was once stinky manure into a valuable asset. Every year, we can ‘strike gold’ from manure, earning over 10 million yuan.”
It is understood that in recent years, as the livestock and poultry farming industry has continued to develop rapidly, livestock and poultry manure has become the “prime culprit” behind agricultural non-point source pollution. Initiatives like those undertaken by Riquan Agricultural and Pastoral Co., Ltd.—promoting green treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure—have become a crucial component in our city’s efforts to transform agricultural development models. Last year, the city turned 46 million tons of livestock and poultry manure from waste into valuable resources, generating economic benefits of approximately 23 billion yuan.
Livestock and poultry manure reaches over 50 million tons per year.
According to reports, Chongqing is a national demonstration zone for modern animal husbandry and a national area free of specified animal diseases. The city annually slaughters approximately 20 million pigs, 740,000 cattle, 3.29 million sheep, and 250 million poultry. Each year, this generates roughly 58.71 million tons of manure—equivalent to the manure produced by 23 million pigs.
Because some farms are characterized by being “small-scale, low-intensity, and scattered,” they have a low degree of intensification and a limited capacity for the resourceful utilization of livestock and poultry manure, leading to instances of direct discharge and leakage of manure.
“The low level of resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste poses new challenges to various environmental issues, including the balance between total livestock production and environmental carrying capacity, the integration of animal husbandry with crop farming, the management and resource recovery of waste, non-point source pollution, and the ecological protection of the Yangtze River,” said Liu Baoguo, Deputy Director of the Municipal Agricultural Commission. “Two years ago, the central government’s comprehensive environmental inspection helped our city identify this issue. Last year, the city completed the closure and relocation of 1,093 farms and the remediation of 810,000 pig-equivalent units, significantly enhancing the effective treatment and comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure.”
The key to governance lies in resource utilization.
According to reports, among the city’s existing agricultural lands, there are 80 million mu of arable land, orchards, forestland, and pastureland that can be used for waste disposal. How can we promote the treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste, improve the living and production environment of rural residents, enhance soil fertility, and thereby effectively address agricultural non-point source pollution?
“The most pressing task right now is to make good use of our resources,” said Xiang Pinju, deputy director of the Animal Husbandry Development Division of the Municipal Agricultural Commission.
He said that, on the one hand, our city should first respect the market’s role in allocating resources. Starting from both the “supply” and “demand” sides, we need to thoroughly understand the five key pieces of information: basic data, scale standards, comprehensive treatment capacity, treatment models, and disposal conditions.
On the other hand, we must scientifically delineate livestock and poultry breeding zones and carefully calculate the land’s carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure. The designation of no-breeding zones should avoid indiscriminate expansion, while the planning of suitable breeding zones should emphasize “excellence.”
“From a regional planning perspective, the main urban area should gradually phase out, while the western Chongqing region serves as a buffer and receiving zone, and the southeastern and northeastern Chongqing regions are designated as key areas for guided development,” Xiang Pinju said.
From the perspective of industrial layout, hog production will remain stable as the primary goal, with a focus on developing superior breeds such as Rongchang pigs. We will encourage intensive, large-scale, and standardized production, maintaining an annual slaughter volume of around 20 million head.
Grass-eating livestock are primarily raised through pasture expansion, with a focus on regions rich in grass resources such as northeastern and southeastern Chongqing, following an ecological farming approach that combines grass cultivation with livestock raising.
Poultry and beekeeping, with their specialization as the main focus, offer high efficiency and can serve as an important industrial option for targeted poverty alleviation. We should vigorously support these sectors and adjust and optimize our city’s livestock industry structure.
The city has turned waste into valuable resources, generating over 20 billion yuan in value.
According to reports, in recent years, districts and counties such as Rongchang and Changshou have gradually adopted and promoted a variety of technological approaches in the treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, including “aerobic composting and utilization of solid manure,” “fertilizer conversion and utilization of manure liquid,” “full-scale collection and return-to-field utilization of manure and wastewater,” “utilization of manure as bedding material,” “off-site fermentation beds,” and “specialized energy utilization of manure and wastewater.”
Currently, our city has built 4,560 biogas projects, and 1.5869 million rural households are using biogas. In many areas, ecological circular agriculture models such as pig-biogas-vegetable, pig-biogas-fruit, and rice-fish-loach have been widely promoted. Last year, the economic revenue generated from turning livestock manure and other waste into valuable resources reached 23 billion yuan across the city.
Case One
Pigs Sleep in “High-Rise Buildings”—Achieving Both Increased Income and Pollution Control
Chongqing Riquan Agricultural and Pastoral Co., Ltd., located in Shuanghe Subdistrict, Rongchang District, is currently the largest high-tech, high-starting-point, and high-standard pig farming enterprise in Southwest China. The company annually sells 150,000 pigs and maintains a herd of 6,000 breeding sows. Each year, this facility produces approximately 289,000 tons of manure and sewage. So, how do they handle it?
“Pigs living in a two-story building?” When reporters from the Chongqing Daily visited the company’s farm with some skepticism, they discovered that the pigsties here were quite unique: the upper floor served as the pigs’ “bedrooms,” while the lower floor was dedicated to organic fertilizer production. The two floors were separated by a fully slatted floor.
It turns out that the company has adopted a high-position, slatted, off-site fermentation bed system and a dry manure removal and treatment approach in order to achieve resource recovery from livestock waste.
It is understood that the off-site fermentation bed model involves pig manure and urine falling through slatted floors into a lower layer, where they are absorbed and decomposed by bedding materials such as wood shavings. In contrast, the dry manure removal model first separates solid and liquid components; the solid fraction is processed into organic fertilizer, while the liquid fraction is pumped into a high-level reservoir for storage and fermentation. The biogas produced is used to generate electricity, and the digestate is distributed via pipeline networks or transported by vehicles to nearby orchards cultivating mulberry, grapes, blueberries, and other crops.
“Based on a selling price of between 600 and 800 yuan per ton of organic fertilizer, just the 5,000 mu of land leased by the company can absorb enough organic fertilizer to turn manure waste into valuable resources, generating an annual benefit of 10 million yuan for the company,” said Yin Ping'an, the company’s general manager.
Case Two
Chicken manure is transformed into fertilizer, forming an ecological cycle chain.
Gelan Town in Changshou District is a well-known poultry-raising town, renowned far and wide for its large-scale chicken farming. There are many free-range farmers and small-scale farms in the town, and in the past, there were instances of livestock and poultry manure being improperly discharged and dumped. According to statistics, the town’s 6 million laying hens produce nearly 200,000 eggs annually, generating as much as 328,500 tons of chicken manure each year. If not handled properly, this could have devastating impacts on local water sources, soil, and air quality.
In response, the Changshou District government has proactively supported the processing of organic fertilizers and encouraged and guided organic fertilizer producers to sign daily collection and transportation contracts with livestock farms (and farmers).
The local authorities have also introduced policies offering subsidies to livestock farmers: 150 yuan per cubic meter for newly built or expanded storage ponds, 75 yuan per cubic meter for renovated or expanded storage ponds, and 1,500 yuan per collection bin. For enterprises purchasing specialized vehicles, a subsidy of 30,000 yuan per vehicle will be provided. Additionally, enterprises that use livestock and poultry manure within the zone to produce organic fertilizer will receive a subsidy of 100 yuan per ton, and an additional subsidy of 200 yuan per ton will be granted for each ton of organic fertilizer actually applied and promoted.
A responsible official from Yifeng Bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd. told reporters that each year they can process up to 60,000 tons of local chicken manure, producing 25,000 tons of organic fertilizer and generating an output value of 15 million yuan. This organic fertilizer is sold to local fruit bases growing citrus, watermelons, and other fruits, thereby establishing an ecological circular chain between animal husbandry and agriculture.
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